When a character walks toward the back of a set-or even leaves the room altogether-see how they remain in constant focus. The next time you watch one, take note of how crisp the details are of everything in the shot. He used it in pretty much all of his movies. It wasn't just in Citizen Kane that Welles used deep focus.
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This use of deep focus is particularly clever as it links the core question of the movie and the ending of the film: Who/what is Rosebud? Thanks to cinematographer Gregg Toland's employment of deep focus, we aren't just seeing what's happening inside the room-everything outside of the room is clearly visible, too. In this scene, young Charles can be seen playing in the snow through the window, way back in the background. One quick Google search reveals a ton of YouTube essays and scholarly articles about the flashback scene to Charles Foster Kane's childhood. Citizen Kane (1941)Ĭitizen Kane is Welles' most famous film-and by extension, his most famous use of the deep focus shot. Here are several excellent movies that have used the deep focus shot technique to great effect. Or it could just be used to show off the cool set design.
We're forced to take in the background action as much as the foreground, which can imply a link between action, character, and setting.
When a scene is filmed in deep focus, viewers are given the maximum amount of information from the scene. Related: The best cinema and filmmaking documentaries What Is Deep Focus? Explainedĭeep focus sits at one end of the depth-of-field spectrum, and it means that everything in the shot-foreground and background-is sharply focused and visible.ĭirector Orson Welles was a particular fan of this technique, and he popularized the deep focus technique in his 1941 film buff classic Citizen Kane (which we'll explore some more later in this article). But what exactly is a deep focus shot? And what does it do for the scene? In other shots, the background and/or foreground is blurry and only the subject is sharp.Īll of this leads to the concept of a deep focus shot, and filmmakers may elect to use this kind of shot to enhance their films. In other words, what parts are in focus and what parts are blurred. Very important in certain scenes.ĭepth-of-field refers to the front-to-back range of each frame's focus. The depth-of-field of each shot also requires careful consideration, as it helps direct the viewer's attention and is one way to guide where their eyes land in any particular shot. Filmmakers and cinematographers have to consider everything on screen, from lighting to color grading. There are so many elements that go into making a film that you might not even notice half of them.
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